Low-Frequency Oscillation in Electric Railway Depot: A Comprehensive Review

The wide adoption of a new type electric trains results in multiple frequency-scale instability problems, such as low-frequency oscillation (LFO), harmonic resonance, and instability. Among them, LFO has been commonly reported at railway depots with multiple-energized around the whole world, thus attracting widespread research attention. LFOs cause adverse effects on system stability protection infrastructure both traction network trains. This article presents comprehensive review that consider academic theoretical analysis industrial engineering requirements. A unified mathematical model train is derived view to revealing mechanism factors induce when these two systems interact. also draws deep insights from experimental measurements mitigation schemes already implemented Chinese systems. variety techniques recommendations based principles practical constraints are presented.